Description
What Are Polysorbates?
- Chemical identity: Ethoxylated sorbitan esters of fatty acids.
- INS numbers:
- Polysorbate 20 → E432 (lauric acid)
- Polysorbate 40 → E433 (palmitic acid)
- Polysorbate 60 → E434 (stearic acid)
- Polysorbate 80 → E433 (oleic acid)
- Appearance: Clear to amber viscous liquids.
- HLB values:
- PS 20 → ~16.7
- PS 40 → ~15.6
- PS 60 → ~14.9
- PS 80 → ~15.0
(All are hydrophilic, ideal for oil-in-water emulsions)
Key Benefits
- High emulsification power: Excellent for stabilizing oil-in-water systems.
- Solubilization: Dissolves essential oils, vitamins, and actives in aqueous media.
- Foam control: Reduces or stabilizes foam depending on formulation.
- Mildness: Non-irritating and skin-friendly, suitable for sensitive applications.
- Versatile blending: Compatible with sorbitan esters and other emulsifiers.
Functional Roles
| Polysorbate | Function Highlights | Common Uses |
| 20 | Solubilizer for fragrances and essential oils | Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals |
| 40 | Emulsifier for food and topical cream | Ice cream, sauces, lotions |
| 60 | Stabilizer and aerating agent | Whipped toppings, baked goods |
| 80 | Emulsifier for oily actives and injectable | Salad dressings, vaccines |
Applications by Industry
- Food:
- Ice cream, sauces, dressings, whipped toppings: Improves texture, aeration, and emulsion stability
- Pharmaceuticals:
- Injectables, oral suspensions, topical creams: Solubilizes actives and stabilizes emulsions
- Cosmetics:
- Lotions, creams, cleansers, sprays: Enhances spreadability and solubilizes oils
- Industrial:
- Paints, coatings, agrochemicals: Acts as dispersant and wetting agent
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