Description
What Is Lactic Acid?
- Chemical identity: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (C₃H₆O₃)
- Source: Naturally produced via fermentation of carbohydrates by Lactobacillusspecies; also found in sour milk, yogurt, and muscle metabolism.
- Forms: Available as L(+)-lactic acid (natural isomer), DL-lactic acid (racemic), or sodium/calcium lactate salts.
Key Benefits
- Food-grade acidulant: Provides mild, tangy acidity and enhances microbial safety.
- Skin exfoliation: Gently removes dead skin cells, improving texture and tone.
- Hydration booster: Acts as a humectant, drawing moisture into the skin.
- Metabolic fuel: In physiological form (lactate), it supports energy metabolism and immune signaling.
- Chelation and preservation: Binds metal ions and inhibits microbial growth in acidic environments.
Functional Roles
| Function | Description |
| Acidulant | Adjusts pH and adds tanginess in food and beverages |
| Exfoliant (AHA) | Dissolves bonds between dead skin cells for smoother skin |
| Humectant | Attracts and retains moisture in skincare and pharma |
| Chelating agent | Binds metal ions to prevent oxidation and discoloration |
| Preservative | Inhibits microbial growth in acidic formulations |
Applications by Industry
- Food & Beverage:
- Pickles, dairy, meat, beverages: pH control, flavor enhancement, and microbial safety
- Cosmetics:
- Lotions, peels, cleansers, serums: Exfoliation, hydration, and skin brightening
- Pharmaceuticals:
- Oral rehydration, IV fluids, topical creams: pH adjustment, solubilization, and metabolic support
- Industrial:
- Bioplastics, cleaning agents, descalers: Eco-friendly acid source and chelating agent
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